Bandy

Bandy

Bandy is a winter sport, where a ball is hit with a stick. It shares a common ancestry with ice hockey, in that it likely developed from the informal ball and stick on ice games known collectively as shinny. As such, the game is played outdoors on a sheet of ice. It differs from ice hockey in that rather than developing its own unique rules or codes, it has rules that are similar to association football.An old name for bandy is hockey on the ice or hockey on ice, due to the sport essentially being field hockey played on ice, but since the midth Century the term bandy is usually preferred, so as not to confuse the sport with ice hockey.In English as in many other languages in most parts of the world, the term bandy is used. Notable exceptions are Russian, where bandy is still called hockey with ball is called hockey with puck x? Finnish, where bandy is ice ball jääpallo and ice hockey is ice puck jääkiekko.Bandy is played on ice, using a single round ball. Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other teams goal using sticks, thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner if both teams have scored an equal number of goals, then the game is a draw. There are exceptions to this rule, however.The primary rule is that the players other than the goalkeepers may not intentionally touch the ball with their hands or arms during play. Although players usually use their sticks to move the ball around, they may use any part of their bodies other than their hands or arms and may use their skates in a limited manner. Heading the ball will result in five minutes in the sinbin.In typical game play, players attempt to propel the ball toward their opponents goal through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a teammate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent who controls the ball however, physical contact between opponents is limited. Bandy is generally a freeflowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play, or when play is stopped by the referee. After a stoppage, play can recommence with a free stroke, a penalty shot or a corner stroke. If the ball has left the field along the sidelines, the referee must decide which team touched the ball last, and award a restert stroke to the opposing team, just like footballs throwin.

The rules do not specify any player positions other than goalkeeper, but a number of player specialisations have evolved. Broadly, these include three main categories forwards, whose main task is to score goals defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring and midfielders, who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball in order to pass it to the forwards players in these positions are referred to as outfield players, in order to discern them from the single goalkeeper. These positions are further differentiated by which side of the field the player spends most time in. For example, there are central defenders, and left and right midfielders. The ten outfield players may be arranged in these positions in any combination for example, there may be three defenders, five midfielders, and two forwards, and the number of players in each position determines the style of the teams play more forwards and fewer defenders would create a more aggressive and offensiveminded game, while the reverse would create a slower, more defensive style of play. While players may spend most of the game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time. The layout of the players on the pitch is called the teams formation, and defining the teams formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the teams managers.There are eighteen rules in the official bandy rules. The same rules are designed to apply to all levels of bandy, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors or women are permitted. The rules are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The rules can be found on the official website of the Federation of International Bandy website.Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players excluding substitutes, one of whom must be the goalkeeper. A team of fewer than eight players may not start a game. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, but they are only allowed to do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield nongoalkeeper players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the rules of the game.The basic equipment players are required to wear includes a pair of skates, a helmet, a mouth guard and, in the case of the goalkeeper, a face guard. The teams must wear uniforms that make it easy to distinguish the two teams.

Players, equipment and officials

The skates, sticks and any tape on the stick must be of another colour than the ball. In addition to the aforementioned equipment, various protections are used to protect knees, elbows, genitals and throat and the pants and gloves may contain padding.Any number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. Substitutions can be performed without notifying the referee and can be performed while the ball is in play. However, if the substitute enters the ice before his teammate has left it, this will result in a minute ban. A team can bring at the most four substitutes to the game and one of these is likely to be an extra goalkeeper.A game is officiated by a referee, the authority to enforce the rules, and whose decisions are final. The referee may be assisted by one or two assistant referees.The size of a bandy field is in the range , square metres by metres, about the same size as a football pitch and considerably larger than an ice hockey rink. Along the sidelines a cm high border vant, sarg, wand, wall is placed to prevent the ball from leaving the ice. It should not be attached to the ice, in order to glide upon collisions, and should end metres away from the corners.Centered at each shortline is a . m wide and . m high goal cage and in front of the cage is a halfcircular penalty area with a m radius. A penalty spot is located metres in front of the goal and there are two freestroke spots at the penalty area line, each surrounded by a m circle.A centre spot denotes the center of the field and a circle of radius m is centered at it. A centreline is drawn through the centre spot and parallel with the shortlines.At each of the corners, a m radius quartercircle is drawn, and a dotted line is painted parallel to the shortline and five metres away from it without extending into the penalty area. The dotted line can be replaced with a halfmetre long line starting at the edge of the penalty area and extending towards the sideline, five metres from the shortline.A standard adult bandy match consists of two periods of minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play the referee can, however, make allowance for time lost through significant stoppages as described below. There is usually a minute halftime break between halves. The end of the match is known as fulltime.

The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, and must be reported to the match secretary and the two captains. The referee alone signals the end of the match.In league competitions games may end in a draw, but in some knockout competitions if a game is tied at the end of regulation time it may go into extra time, which consists of two further minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, the game will be replayed. As an alternative, the extra two times minutes may be played as Golden goal which means that the first team that scores during the extratime wins the game. If both extra periods are played without a scored goal, a penalty shootout will settle the game. The teams shoot five penalties each and if this doesnt settle the game, the teams shoot one more penalty each until one of them misses and the other scores.Under the rules, the two basic states of play during a game are ball in play and ball out of play. From the beginning of each playing period with a strokeoff a set strike from the centrespot by one team until the end of the playing period, the ball is in play at all times, except when either the ball leaves the field of play, or play is stopped by the referee. SKEdsbyns IF.Strokeoff following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play.Goalthrow when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by an attacker awarded to the defending team.Corner stroke when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a defender awarded to attacking team. The defending team must locate themselves behind goal line and the attacking team must be situated outside the penalty area with everyone but the executor no closer to the shortline than m. As soon as the corner is shoot, the attackers may enter the penalty area and the defenders may rush to try to stop the ball.Freestroke awarded to fouled team following certain listed offences, or to the opposing team upon a team causing the ball to leave the field over the sideline.Penalty shot awarded to the fouled team following a foul usually punishable by a freeshot but that has occurred within their opponents penalty area occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason e.g., a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective. This restart is uncommon in adult games.

Freestrokes and penalty shots

If the time runs out while a team is preparing for a freestroke or penalty, the strike should still be made but it must go into the goal by one shot to count as a goal. Similarly, with a corner stroke, the corner should be allowed, but it must be executed using only one shot in addition to the strike needed to put the ball in play.Freestrokes can be awarded to a team if a player of the opposite team offends any rule, e.g. by hitting with the stick against the opponents stick or skates. Freestrokes can also be awarded upon incorrect execution of cornerstrikes, freestrikes, goalthrows, etc. or the use of incorrect equipment, such as a broken stick.Rather than stopping play, the referee may allow play to continue when its continuation will benefit the team against which an offence has been committed. This is known as playing an advantage. The referee may call back play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue within a short period of time, typically taken to be four to five seconds. Even if an offence is not penalised because the referee plays an advantage, the offender may still be sanctioned see below for any associated misconduct at the next stoppage of play.If a defender violently attacks an opponent within the penalty area, a penalty shot is awarded. Certain other offences, when carried out within the penalty area, result in a penalty shot provided there is a goal situation. These offences include a defender holding or hooking an attacker, or blocking a goal situation with a lifted skate, thrown stick or glove etc. Also, the defenders with the exception of the goalkeeper are not allowed to kneel or lay on the ice. The final offences that might mandate a penalty shot are those of hittick or blocking an opponents stick or touching the ball with the hands, arms, stick or head above the shoulders. If any of these actions is carried out in a nongoal situation, they shall be awarded with a freestroke from one of the freestroke spots at the penalty area line. A penalty shot should always be accompanied by a or minutes penalty see below. If the penalty results in a goal, the penalty should be considered personal meaning that a substitute can be sent in for the penalised player. This does not apply in the event of a red card see below.A team warning should be received for the first technical foul committed by a team. Subsequent technical fouls should result in a five minute penalty see below. Technical fouls include errors in the execution of goalthrows, freestrikes, etc., obstruction of player without ball, or intentional incorrect stopping of the ball using e.g. a high stick or the hands without gaining an advantage. The referee indicates the team warning by waving a yellow card over his head.

By displaying a white card to a player, the referee indicates a five minutes penalty. Offences that can warrant such a penalty include, but are not limited to, trying to hinder the opponents from executing a freestroke, playing without a stick or repeated illegal but nonviolent attacks on an opponent.A ten minutes penalty is indicated through the use of a blue card and can be caused by protesting or behaving incorrectly, attacking an opponent violently or stopping the ball incorrectly in order to get an advantage. The yellow and white card is no longer in use.
The third time a player receives a penalty, it will be a personal penalty meaning he or she will miss the remainder of the match. A substitute can enter the field after five or ten minutes. A full game penalty can be received upon using abusive language or directly attacking an opponent and means that the player can neither play nor be substituted for the remainder of the game. A match penalty is indicated through the use of a red card.The offside rule effectively limits the ability of attacking players to remain forward i.e. closer to the opponents goalline of the ball, the secondtolast defending player which can include the goalkeeper, and the halfway line. This rule is in effect just like that of football.The Bandy World Championships for men were first held in and then every two years starting in , and every year since . Currently there are WCS countries participating in the world championships. The participating countries vary from year to year. Finland won the world championship. All other championships have been won by the Soviet Union, Russia, or Sweden.In February , Sweden won the first World Championship for women, hosted in Finland. The second womens World Championships were held in Roseville, Minnesota at the Guidant John Rose Minnesota Oval in the USA in and once again Sweden won, defeating Russia in the final .For all the tournaments since , see Bandy World Championships.The World Championships should not be confused with the annual World Cup in Ljusdal, Sweden, which is the biggest bandy tournament for club teams on elite level. With matches played day and night, the tournament is played in four days in late October. The winner in and was Dynamo Moscow.The Federation of International Bandy FIB, has members . Formed in , the name was changed from International Bandy Federation in after the International Olympic Committee approved it as a recognized sport.

International federation

Although bandy was the demonstration sport at the VI Olympic Winter Games in Oslo, Norway, and is a recognized sport by the IOC, it is still waiting for acceptance as an Olympic sport.Only three teams played bandy at the Winter Olympics Finland, Norway and Sweden.Bandy, also known as banty, probably originated as a form of field hockey on ice and developed in a similar fashion to modern ice hockey. Rather than develop its own rules or codes as ice hockey did, Bandy adopted rules similar to association football. The verb bandy means to toss things back and forth, though the things are usually words or ideas rather than balls.Games that are accepted as direct predecessors to bandy have been recorded in Russian monastery records dating back to the XXI centuries. A game that could be recognized as essentially modern bandy was played in Russia by the early s, although the rules used differed from those that were invented in England at a much later date. All the way through modern times, Russia has kept a top position in the Bandy area, being one of the founding nations of the International Federation, as well as the most successful team in the World Championships. Russians rightfully see themselves as the creators of the sport, which is reflected by the unofficial title for bandy, Russian hockey.In the western world, Britain has played an important role in the development of bandy. A game similar to bandy was known in Wales as Bando. It was played throughout the country in varying forms and is still to be found in some areas. The earliest example of the Welsh language term bando occurs in a dictionary by John Walters published in –. It was particularly popular in the CynfdgMargam district of the Vale of Glamorgan where wide stretches of sandy beaches afforded ample room for play. As a winter sport, British bandy originated in the Fens of East Anglia where large expanses of ice formed on flooded meadows or shallow washes in cold winters, and skating was a tradition. Members of the Bury Fen bandy club published rules of the game in , and introduced it into other countries.Bandy and hockey were used in parallel for the same sport, but today bandy is played on a frozen football pitch, and hockey on a smaller rink. BandyHockey was divided by the North Americans in the s by shrinking the pitch, goals and reducing the number of players.Bandy is now played in a few nations, including Russia, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Kazakhstan, Belarus, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary, and Mongolia.

The first recorded games of bandy on ice took place in the Fens during the great frost of , although it is probable that the game had been played there in the previous century. Bury Fen bandy club from BluntishamcumEarith, near St Ives, was the most successful team, remaining unbeaten until the winter of . Charles G Tebbutt of the Bury Fen bandy club was responsible for the first published rules of bandy in , and also for introducing the game into the Netherlands and Sweden, as well as elsewhere in England where it became popular with cricket, rowing and hockey clubs. Tebbutts homemade bandy stick can be seen in the Norris Museum in Saint Ives.England won the European Bandy Championships in , but that turned out to be the grand finale, and bandy is now virtually unknown in England. In March , Norwegian explayer Edgar Malman invited two big clubs to play an exhibition game in Streatham, London. Russian Champions and World Cup Winner Vodnik met Swedish Champions Edsbyn in a match that ended .In Russia bandy is known as hockey with a ball or simply Russian hockey. The game became popular among nobility in early s, with the royal court of Peter I the Great playing bandy on Saint Petersburgs frozen Neva river. Russians played bandy with sticks made out of juniper wood, later adopting skates. By the second half of the th century the game also became popular among the masses throughout the Russian Empire. Traditionally the Russians used a longer skate blade than other nations, giving them the advantage of running faster. However, they would find it more difficult to turn quickly. A bandy skate has a longer blade than a hockey skate, and the Russian skate even longer.When the Federation of International Bandy was formed in , with the Soviet Union as one of its founding members, the Russians adopted the international rules of the game developed in England in the th century.Russia is the current world champion in and the next World Championships will take place in in Moscow.Bandy was introduced to Sweden in . The Swedish royal family, barons and diplomats were the first players. Swedish championships for men has been played annually since . In the s students played the game and it became a largely middle class sport. After Slottsbron won the Swedish title in it became popular amongst workers in the smaller industrial towns and villages. Bandy remains the main winter sport in many of these places.

Players, equipment and officials

Bandy in Sweden is famous for its culture both playing bandy and being a spectator requires great fortitude and dedication. A bandy briefcase is the classic accessory for spectating it is typically made of brown leather, well worn and contain a warm drink in a thermos andor a flask of liquor.Bandy is most often played at outdoor arenas during winter time, so the need for spectators to carry flask or thermoses of warming liquid is a natural effect.The playoff match for the Swedish Championship is played every year on the third Sunday of March at Studenternas Idrottsplats in Uppsala, drawing crowds in excess.Bandy was introduced to Norway in the s. The Swedes contributed largely, and clubs sprang up around the capital of Oslo. In the Norwegians played their first National Championship, which was played annually up to . During WWII, illegal bandy was played in hidden places in forests, on ponds and lakes. In , and , illegal championships were held. In legal play resumed and goes on still.After WWII the number of teams rose, but mild winters in the s and s shrunk the league, and in only clubs teams fought out the st division. Later, the number of artificially frozen pitches has risen, and the number of clubs has started a slight increase.From to the game was played aside and Ready Oslo won titles. Since the sport has been played aside, and Drafn Drammen have won titles including one from the man game.During the s crowd attendance could be anything from to , but these days only a handful visitors cheer their side. Big games though, can still attract people.The Federation of International Bandy FIB is the international governing body for the sport of bandy. It was formed in in Stockholm, Sweden, and has had its base in Sweden since . The present offices are situated in Katrineholm.The federation was named the International Bandy Federation IBF between and . The current name was adopted at a request from the International Olympic Committee when the IOC made bandy a recognized sport, since the acronym IBF was already in use by another international sport federation.When FIB was formed in , it introduced the same rules for bandy all over the world. Especially in Russia, different rules had been used prior to this. Bandy World Championships are organized for men since and for women since .In sports such as football soccer, basketball, bandy and water polo, dribbling refers to the maneuvering of a ball around a defender through short skillful taps or kicks with either the legs footballsoccer, hands basketball, stick bandy or swimming strokes water polo.

The purpose of such an action is to bring the ball past a defender legally and to create opportunities to score.In association football soccer, a dribble is one of the most difficult ball skills to master and one of the most useful attacking moves. In typical game play, players attempt to propel the ball toward their opponents goal through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling running with the ball close to their feet.Dribbling is often invaluable especially in the third part of a pitch or at the wings, where most attacks take place. Dribbling creates space in tight situations where the dribbler is marked closely guarded by a defender, and the dribbler can either score or create scoring chances after a successful dribble. However, dribbling, if poorly mastered and used, may result in the loss of possession either when the ball is intercepted or tackled by a defender.When used appropriately, a good dribbler is often hard to dispossess unsuccessful tackles which do not reach the ball may result in a useful free kick situation, a yellow card for the offender, or both.Early references to dribbling come from accounts of medieval football games in England. For example, Geoffrey Chaucer offered an allusion to such ball skills in fourteenth century England. In the Canterbury Tales written some time after he uses the following line rolleth under foot as doth a ball. Similarly at the end of the th century comes a Latin account of a football game with features of modern soccer which was played at Cawston, Nottinghamshire, England. It is included in a manuscript collection of the miracles of King Henry VI of England. Although the precise date is uncertain it certainly comes from between and . This is the first account of an exclusively kicking game and the first description of dribbling the game at which they had met for common recreation is called by some the football game. It is one in which young men, in country sport, propel a huge ball not by throwing it into the air but by striking it and rolling it along the ground, and that not with their hands but with their feet... kicking in opposite directions. It is known that dribbling skills were a key part of many nineteenth century football games at English public schools with the earliest reference to ball passing coming in rules of the The Football Association.In basketball, dribbling is the legal method of advancing the ball by oneself, as opposed to passing it to another player or shooting for the basket. It consists of bouncing the ball on the floor continuously while walking or running down the court.

Duration and tiebreaking measures

The original Naismith rules said nothing about dribbling, merely stating that passing the ball was the legal way of advancing it. Players soon developed the strategy of passing to themselves, which James Naismith himself both endorsed and admired for its ingenuity, and which evolved into the dribble as it is known today.The dribble allows for much faster advancement and thus more opportunities for scoring. It also provides an opportunity for a crafty player on the opposing team to steal the ball in midbounce. Once a player stops dribbling the ball and holds it, the player normally must either pass it to another player or take a shot if the player dribbles and then holds the ball in any way either grasping it with his hands or arms, or palming it, i.e. holding it too much toward its underside during the act of dribbling then continues to dribble, then the referee stops the play, signals either double dribble or carrying, and turns the ball over to the other team.Skilled ball handlers bounce the ball low to the ground, reducing the risk of a defender reaching in to steal the ball. Adept dribblers can dribble behind their backs, between their legs and change hands without watching the ball, making the player difficult to defend and opening up options to pass, shoot or drive with the ball.The National Association of Basketball Coaches NABC was founded in to oppose a move to eliminate dribbling from the sport.In water polo, dribbling is the technique of moving the ball while swimming forward, propelled ahead of the player with the wake created by alternating armstrokes. Since ball contact is minimal, this creates advantage for the ball carrier advancing the ball the defender may not make contact unless the attacker is touching the ball.Shinny or shinney is an informal type of hockey played on ice or the street. There are no formal rules or specific positions, and generally, there are no goaltenders. The goal areas at each end may be marked simply by objects, such as blocks of snow, stones, etc. Bodychecking and lifting or roofingreefingraising the puck shooting the puck or ball so it rises above the ice are often forbidden because the players are not wearing protective equipment. It may also be called pickup hockey or pond hockey. Shinny is a game that all levels of hockey enthusiasts can play because it requires no rink, requires no skills except ability to hold a stick and at the very least to try to touch the puck or ball when it goes by.

Shinny may be completely noncompetitive and recreational scoring irrelevant or competitive and scores kept.In some places, there is ritual for choosing teams. Each player deposits his stick in the middle of the ice in a pile. One player bends down, closes hisher eyes or places their toque over their eyes and splits the pile into two equal sections. When numbers permit, three piles may be created, with one team waiting off to play the winner. Players then pick up their own sticks. The two groups of sticks form the two teams.Very often teams are formed with intent to divide the group into approximately equal levels of skills among the players. Players joining after play has started are usually told which way they are going which net they should shoot towards based upon the score of the game and their skill level. Some games continue for many hours with some players leaving and others joining.Shinny, generally believed to be a precursor to ice hockey, was informal enough in its formative years that the pucks and sticks were often makeshift. During the Great Depression, for example, northern boys used tree branches or broomhandles as sticks, a tin can, a piece of wood, and even a frozen road apple farm animal dropping as a puck. Any object about the right size might serve as a puck.The name is derived from the Scottish game shinty and indeed shinny was a common name for one of shintys many regional variations in Scotland. Shinny, a primarily Canadian term, is usually called scrimmage, pickup hockey or RAT Hockey in the United States.Former Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien famously played a naturally impromptu game of shinny on the Rideau Canal with school children during his time in office.citation neededShinny can also refer to a game played on ones knees with sticks about a foot and a half in length. The goals are also a foot and a half in height, and about feet in width. This game is usually played between around six players where there is one goalie, and two shooters. The game is usually played by children, indoors and in small rooms or areas. It is sometimes referred to as Knee Hockey or MiniSticks. In reference to the size of the sticks used to play. have a move known as a tackle. In most cases this move is one that prevents an opposing player from carrying out what they intend.The word is used in some contact sports to describe the act of physically holding or wrestling a player to the ground. In other sports, it simply describes one or more methods of contesting for possession of the ball.

History and name origin

In Middle Dutch, the verb tacken meant to grab or to handle. By the s, this had inspired a new use in sailing, referring to rigging, equipment, or gear used on ships. By the s, a similar use was applied to harnesses or equipment used with horses. Modern use in football comes from the earlier sport of rugby, where the word was used in the s.In American football and Canadian football, to tackle is to physically interfere with the forward progress of a player in possession of the ball, such that his forward progress ceases and is not resumed, or such that he is caused to touch some part of his body to the ground other than his feet or hands, or such that he is forced to go out of bounds. In any such case, the ball becomes dead, the down is over, and play ceases until the beginning of the next play. A tackle is known as a quarterback sack when the quarterback is tackled behind the line of scrimmage while attempting to throw a pass. A tackle for loss indicates a tackle that causes a loss of yardage for the opposing running back or wide receiver. A sack does not count as a tackle for loss.Tackle is also the name of player positions on both the offensive and defensive teams. Usually there is a left and right tackle on each team.The man who is called by most the hardest man to tackle is Earl Campbell who played for the Oilers in the late s. Using tackle breaking techniques he ran his way into the Pro Football Hall of FameTackling is a key part of Aussie Rules and part of its spectator appeal.As there is no offside rule in Aussie Rules, players can be tackled from any direction, and often blindsided. For this reason, the sport allows shepherding methods for teammates to be able to protect the ball carrier.The variety of different ways to contest possession in Aussie Rules has led to first time observers of the game regarding it as having no rules or as some Australians unfamiliar with the game colloquially term it Raffertys Rules. Despite these stereotypes, however, there are actually quite strict rules governing tackling.In Australian rules football, the move commonly described as a tackle is similar to in rugby and involves wrapping, holding or wrestling a player who has possession of the ball to the ground.Melbourne Demons player Jared Rivers applies a diving tackle on the Sydney Swans Nick Malceski, dispossessing him of the ball.Melbourne Demons player Jared Rivers applies a diving tackle on the Sydney Swans Nick Malceski, dispossessing him of the ball.

Tackling in Australian Rules is unique in that if tackled player does not dispose of the ball having had opportunity to do so called the holding the ball rule, or concedes a penalty in the tackle i.e. tries to throw the ball when he was only allowed to handball or kick it the tackler is rewarded with a free kick. This is only paid if the player tackling does not either deliberately or unintentionally hold the ball to their opponents body.A tackle must make contact below the shoulders and above the knees, and a player is able to be thrown to the ground, so long as the tackle is not reckless. There are also rules outlawing pushing in the back making tackling more difficult.Players wear little to no padding to cushion the impact of tackles, however mouthguards are essential for keeping your teeth. As there is no offside rule in Aussie Rules, tackling is more often when chasing a player down rather than frequent on head on contact.
perfect tackle when a player lays a tackle on an opponent that has had prior opportunity to dispose of the ball and in the process makes it impossible for their opponent to dispose of the ball. For example if a tackler pins an opponents arm, then the opponent cannot possibly handball, and if they pin both arms, then it is nearly impossible to legally execute a kick. A player is almost always rewarded for a perfect tackle gang tackle when the player inhigh tackle any tackle which infringes on the opponents neck or head. This includes any tackle which slips above the AC joint. This is illegal and the penalty is a free kick.coathanger slang for high contact to the head, usually by a stiff arm, which causes a player to land flat on their back. It is often accidental due to the high pace of the game. The penalty may be a free kick if deemed accidental or a reportable offence which may result in suspension.diving tackle when a player leaves the ground in attempting to tackleslinging a player slung to the ground in a tackle although in the AFL these days, if a player loses possession of the ball while they are being thrown, the tackler will often get penalised for holding the man.broken tackle when a player is able to break free of a tackle spear tackle also known as a dangerous throw, it is a reportable offence and may result in suspension.push in the back Any tackle which forces the player forward andor into the ground from behind. This is an illegal tackle and the penalty is a free kick bump or hip and shoulder is a legal Aussie rules tactic for both dispossession of the player with the ball and also impeding players involved in a contest but not in possession of the ball.

Duration and tiebreaking measures

The difference between a bump and a tackle is that arms are not used in a bump, which must be made sideon using the hip and or shoulder. Not all bumping is legal, however. Aggressive head on bumping or charging of a player with the ball is often described as rough play and is a reportable offence, this is particularly so if a player is deemed to have their head down over the ball in an attempt to picking it up off the ground when the bump is applied or contact is made above the shoulders. Standing ground against an oncoming player, however, is legal.Great tacklers in the AFL are Brett Kirk, David Rodan, Jude Bolton, Rhan Hooper, James McDonald, Aaron Davey and Alwyn Davey.Hold the ball above the head, or holding the ball in one hand. As tacklers cannot make high contact, the player with the ball can use their arms to release the ball by handball. Works best with taller players. Anthony Koutoufides was deadly in his use of this technique.Current AFL players with great breaking skills include Gary Ablett, Jr., Daniel Kerr, Paul Chapman, Fraser Gehrig, Leon Davis and Barry Hall.Wearing lubricant on the arms, which can cause tacklers to slip off. Ben Cousins and many West Coast Eagles players do this for every game.Although the term tackle is used in Australian Rules to exclusively describe wrapping, holding or wrestling a player in possession, there are also several other ways of contesting possession in Australian rules that other sports would describe as a tackle and that also involve a degree of contact.Other defensive actions are generally categorised as one percenters. Colliding with other players whilst trying to catch or mark the ball is part of the game, however tackling a player jumping in the air to catch a ball is strictly not allowed. Bumping a player who is jumping to catch the ball is not allowed unless the player is deemed to have intentions to contest for possession or have eyes for the ball. The defensive tactic of punching away commonly known as spoiling from a player is allowed. Smothering, which involves using the arms or body to get in the way of an opponents kick as it leaves their boot, and is similar to a charge down in rugby football.Gaelic football defines tackling as wresting the ball from an opponents hands. Bumping is allowed on the player with the ball, but a player cannot be grabbed.

International rules football is a hybrid game between Australian rules football and Gaelic football. Tackling in International Rules is subject to similar rules as Australian rules football, but with some subtle differences. Tackling is only allowed as low as the waist, whereas it is allowed down to the knees in Aussie Rules.In rugby league the ballcarrier only may be tackled by any number of defenders from any direction. The initial contact in the tackle must be made below the ball carriers neck or it will be deemed a high tackle and penalised. A tackle in rugby league is completed when any of the following occurs.The attacking players ballcarrying arm comes into contact with the ground while still held by a defender.Once the tackle is completed the ballcarrier must be allowed to get to his feet to playtheball. Spear tackles are illegal in rugby league, with most tackles in which the defender is lifted above the horizontal bringing about penalties in the modern game.In rugby union, a player must be brought to ground for a tackle to be completed. The tackled player must release the ball, but the ball is not dead and a ruck forms to contest possession of it. If the ball carrier is not brought the ground a maul will usually form.In Football soccer, a player tackles an opponent by taking control of the ball from them. This is achieved by using either leg to wrest possession from the opponent, or sliding in on the grass to knock the ball away. The target of the tackle must always be the ball, otherwise it may be deemed as illegal by the referee, especially if the player makes contact with his opponent before the ball, or makes unfair contact with the player after playing the ball. If the tackle comes from the front or the side and succeeds in touching the ball first, it is considered legal, regardless of whether the opponent cannot avoid being toppled by the tacklers leg afterwards. Tackling with both legs, or from behind is also illegal. This explicitly includes scissoring tackling with legs apart, so as to trap the opponents leg or legs in between, which is likely to be punished with a straight ejection red card, as it poses a high risk of severe knee injury to the player being tackled. If a tackle is deemed legal, then play continues.Tackling with studs up is considered dangerous, although it is not always punished.Other nonfootball games that feature tackling or similar concepts include British Bulldogs and Hurling, while Hockey and Shinty feature similar bumping or shoulder barging moves.